Dissertation On Pandemic
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EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF PANDEMICS ON SHORT TERM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
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Abstract
In the first chapter of the dissertation, the researchers have done then introduction to the topic of the study. The researchers in this section have made a discussion about the background of the study. Then the researchers have discussed the research rationale. Followed by the research rationale, the researchers have discussed the aims and objectives of the research followed by research questions. The researchers have lastly made a discussion about the summary of the section.
In chapter two, several pieces of literatures regarding the impcts of pandemic on short-term performances of international business have been reviewd. Role of managers, factor to imporve busienss during pandemic and economic impacts of Covid-19 have also been discussd here. Various leadership theories and business models have also been explained here. A literature gap and chapter summary have been included in this study.
In chapter three, the resercher has mentioed the menthods of the research in which direction the resercher has conducted the research study. The reserch philosophy and and the research design has analysed the collection of data. The data collection method has mentioed that the researcher has used primary quantitative approach. At last the timeline of the research study has been provided.
In chapter four, the researcher has conducted a survey in which the researcher has involved different participants. The participants are above 18 age group. On the basis of the opinion of the respondants, the researcher has given a detailed discussion in this chapter. The figure and the tables also has been mentioed to represent the result of the survey.
In the fifth chapter, the researcher has provided some strong recommended stategies to mitigate the isssue of the reserch topic. Along with this, the linking with obejective section has been given to mention the connection of the content of the research with the objevtives of the research. Finally, the limitation of the research and future scope has been mentioed.
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Table of Contents |
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| Chapter 1: Introduction, Research Questions and Hypothesis |
| 1.1 Introduction |
| 1.2 Background of the Study |
| 1.3 Research Rationale |
| 1.4 Aims & Objectives |
| 1.5 Research Questions |
| 1.6 Research Hypothesis |
| 1.7 Research Significance |
| 1.8 Summary |
| Chapter 2: Literature review |
| 2.1 Introduction |
| 2.2 Conceptual framework |
| 2.3 Impact of the pandemic on global business |
| 2.4 Market capitalization and profit making in international businesses |
| 2.5 Factors to improve short-term performances of international business during Covid-19 |
| 2.6 Roles of organizational managers during the pandemic |
| 2.7 Theories and model |
| 2.7.1 Crowd-sourcing business model |
| 2.7.2 Trait theory of leadership |
| 2.8 Literature gap |
| 2.9 Chapter summary |
| Chapter 3: Methodology |
| 3.1 Introduction |
| 3.2 Research Onion |
| 3.3 Research Philosophy |
| 3.4 Research design |
| 3.5 Research Approach |
| 3.6 Research Strategy |
| 3.7 Data Collection Methods |
| 3.8 Data Analysis plan |
| 3.9 Sampling method |
| 3.10 Validity and Reliability of Data |
| 3.11 Ethical Consideration |
| 3.12 Research timeline |
| 3.13 Summary |
| Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings |
| 4.1 Introduction |
| 4.2 Primary Quantitative Data Analysis |
| 4.3 Discussion |
| 4.4 Summary |
| Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation |
| 5.1 Conclusion |
| 5.2 Linking with objectives |
| 5.3 SMART Recommendation |
| 5.4 Research limitation |
| 5.5 Future Scope |
| Reference List |
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Appendix |
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List of Figures |
| Figure 1.1: Struggle of Global Economy due to Unemployment |
| Figure 1.2: Global operation of Commercial Flights during Covid-19 |
| Figure 2.1: Conceptual framework |
| Figure 2.2: Various impacts of Covid-19 |
| Figure 2.3: Role of mangers during the pandemic |
| Figure 3.1: Research Onion |
| Figure 3.2: Research Design |
Chapter 1: Introduction, Research Questions and Hypothesis
1.1 Introduction
International Business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology and capital at a global scale. It does make an involvement in the cross border transactions in more than one country. It is flexible and at the same time, it is also one kind of web-based solution. Pandemic has started to show its existence from the end of 2019 especially and mostly in the European countries. In this dissertation, it will be discussed the “drastic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic has effectively and efficiently made on the performance of the international business at a global level”.
1.2 Background of the Study
International business is also known as globalization. International business performance helps in the process of global decision making. The pandemic has made a huge, significant, crucial effect in the sector of international business. International Business has been badly hit by this pandemic due to the problem of no movement of people or goods and services from one country to another. There was no growth of business due to a lack of people having the courage to make investments during the pandemic time. There was also an absence of a lack of high budget projects. The abrupt resignation and sacking of employees are also counted to be the drastic effects the pandemic has made in almost all the business firms of the world. Many sample scale industrial businesses have either lost their existence due to lack of skilled labour and poor capital in marketing or have gone for the option to go for a total shutdown. Zaman et al. (2020) stated that the import and export trading sector came to a complete standstill due to no movement of flights, ships and cargo. The high level of unemployment can be witnessed not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. But the impact of the problem of unemployment is more threatening in developing countries.
1.3 Research Rationale
The above figure shows the level of unemployment at a global level during the pandemic time. It can be seen from the above that the country Brazil has had the fourth-highest level of unemployment of nearly about 2% in the fiscal year 2019, the figure of which amounted to 11.9% and the new figure was 13.4% in the very next year (BBC, 2021). The highest level of unemployment due to pandemics and the strict lockdown has resulted in poor capital generation especially in the US, Canada and the UK in the ascending order. The change of fire for the respective countries from 2019 to 2020 is 3.7% to 8.9% for the US, 5.7% to 9.7% for Canada and lastly, for the UK it is 3.8% to 5.4%. (BBC, 2021). According to Ma et al. (2020), it can be stated that the strict level of continuous lockdown policy disrupted not only in the field of international business but also in the daily activities of the people especially those living in the US and in the UK. Most of the multinational companies manage to be able to survive in this harsh pandemic time due to the presence of marlet capital from beforehand. As per the views of Salisu and Akanni (2020), the level of unemployment in large and popular multinational companies across the globe is low when made in comparison to the small scale business industries at a global level.
The above figure shows the global operation of domestic flights during the pandemic time. In the month of April in the fiscal year 2020, it can be noted from the above figure that the operations of domestic flights dropped abruptly below 50,000 (BBC, 2021). The month of June in the fiscal year also showed a little tad bit increase in operations of domestic flights. From the month of July 2020 onwards, it can be noted that the figure crossed the mark of 50,000 operations on a daily basis at a global level (BBC, 2021). As per the sayings of McKibbin and Fernando (2021), it can be stated that the number of domestic flights operation will be much well below the mark when made in comparison with the fiscal year 2019. This is so because the pandemic has started to show its impact from the starting months of the fiscal year 2020. But from the above figure, it can be noted and observed that bin the fiscal year 2021, the operations started just above 50000 in the starting months only which is much well below when made in comparison with the starting months of 2019 and 2021, the figure of both the years amounted to more than 100k (BBC, 2021).
1.4 Aims & Objectives
Aim
The aim of the dissertation is to study and find out the effects of deadly disease on the field of buisness making front internationally.
Objectives
- To have a clear view of the concept of international business
- To understand the meaning of market capitalization and profit-making of an organization
- To know the effects of the pandemic on a global level
- To critically identify and evaluate the issues on the “short term performance of the international business”
- To provide strategic measures in order to fight with the effects of pandemics on the international business front at a global level.
1.5 Research Questions
Q1. What is meant by international business performance?
Q2: How do profit-making and market capitalization help in the growth of the business?
Q3. What are the major and minor “effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on a global basis”?
Q4. What are the issues that the epidemic has created on “international business globally”?
Q5. What are the strategic measures to be taken in order to mitigate the issues?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
H0: The performance of the international business is unaltered due to the presence of pandemics at a global level.
H1: There was no profit-making and capitalization in relation to interactional business due to the presence of pandemics.
1.7 Research Significance
The topic of the dissertation has a lot of significance to speak about. The topic of the dissertation is mainly and currently based on the current trending issue. According to Goolsbee and Syverson (2021), it can be stated that there are many crucial and most important effects the pandemic has exerted on the performance front of rhe international business. The first effect is the no movement of flights and cargoes The second effect is the absence of big projects. The third effect is the absence of skilled workers. The fourth effect is the fear of investment. The fifth effect is the disruption of supply chain management. As per the views of Jazieh et al. (2020), it can be stated that the sixth effect is the complete strict lockdown for a huge amount of time. The eighth effect is the crashing of the global economy due to the prevailing very low GDP across the entire world. The significance of the study of the dissertation is that it helps to bring the actual picture about the exact impact the pandemic has made on the global economy. As per the sayings of Fabeil et al. (2020), it can be stated that it is also important for the country people to make them aware to give them information about the number of small industrial businesses. There is actually no direct foreign investment during this pandemic time. The recruitment procedure was also nilled during this time. There was no import and export of goods and services to and from countries due to no movement of ships, propel and airlines. By the influence of Walmsley et al. (2021), it can be stated that the automobile industry has also got hit significantly. There was a much much lesser number of cars bought to be seen during this time. The international business related to tourism was the worst hit. Sarkis (2020) stated that the performance in that sector of the field had crossed the zero level mark like the GDP of most of the countries. Gallego and Font (2021) have stated that this is so because the hotels had no business during this time due to no movement of people not only from one country to another but also from one state to another snake of the same country. According to Chronopoulos et al. (2020), it can be stated that the purpose of the dissertation study is to “clearly identify and evaluate the effects of pandemic at a global level especially in terms of international business making.”
1.8 Summary
In this section, the researchers have made a clear and vivid discussion about the introductory part of the topic of the research study. After the introduction, the researchers have made a discussion about the background of the dissertation study. “Then the researchers have identified and explained the problems that the international business performance has faced due to to pandemic.” The researchers have then discussed very clearly and very well concerning the aims and objectives of the dissertation study which is effectively and efficiently followed by research questions, hypothesizes and the significance of the study.
Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Introduction
In recent times, most of the business firms have shifted their focus on expanding business in foreign countries to step into the global market and to attract global audiences. However, during the pandemic of Covid-19, an economic crisis was observed on a global scale and several international businesses were getting hampered in such a situation. In this chapter, various pieces of literature will be reviewed to understand major impacts of this pandemic on short term performance of international organizations. Related theories and business models will also be described here.
2.2 Conceptual framework
2.3 Impact of the pandemic on global business
The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 in all across the world has impacted the overall economic stability of multiple countries. Most small and medium sized international business firms have faced issues in maintaining profit during this situation. As stated by Sharma et al. (2020), during the pandemic, most business firms in all over the world face several economic as well as social uncertainties which have impacted their financial stability and overall market values. In modern times, most international businesses are dependent upon foreign third party suppliers and international trading. As an example, several automobile industries in the USA and United Kingdom import several raw materials and electronic components from Asian countries such as China and Malaysia. According to Mofijur et al. (2021), due to rapid growth of active Covid cases and growing number of deaths, several governments announced complete lockdowns in respective countries. Not only that, but international traveling was also restricted as all the aviation Companies were ordered to stop their international flights. Export and import of materials were highly suppressed which resulted in lack of production in small industries. For that reason, most of the small firms observed decline in market reputation and overall profitability was also hampered.
Financial instability has been another major impact that has changed the scenario of international business. According to Mofijur et al. (2021), restrictions in global trading have not only impacted production of business firms but several Companies were facing issues in distribution, marketing and sales of manufactured products were also prohibited. In order to maintain minimum profit margin, these firms have focused on selling items within a much lowered price range. However, overall demand for several products except for medical equipment, household products and sanitizers experienced a decline. Thus, lack of demand impacted the overall profitability of business firms. Short-term performances of business refer to financial measures which were heavily impacted during the pandemic. According to Tao et al. (2017), restriction in international trading and reduced demands impacted overall financial stability of several uses and many small scale firms had no chance rather than closing their businesses.
During the pandemic, the global supply chain has been impacted severely. As stated by Karabag (2020), this pandemic of Covid-19 has been a global crisis for that reason overall production and global supply chain of international business were affected by it. Supply chain mainly refers to various business processes that organizations follow to distribute required items to their consumer base. As international transport and trading were blocked, global supply chains were impacted in this pandemic which resulted in poor brand reputation. Thus, this pandemic of Covid-19 has impacted several sectors of modern international businesses in the past few years.
2.4 Market capitalization and profit making in international businesses
In this modern era of globalization, most business firms have focused on entering into the global market to improve business relations with global superpowers and for achieving high profitability and fame in front of the global consumer base. In past several years, various third world countries have entered into global business and partnered with various top Companies in the USA or UK to reach out to larger audience bases. According to Pavone (2019), market capitalization can be considered as the overall worth of a business firm in the open market. Investors can identify the overall size of their business in comparison with rival organizations in that specific industry. During the pandemic of Covid-19, several Companies experienced lowered market demand and reduced profit margin which have resulted in closure of multiple small business firms. Market capitalization allows investors to figure out overall value that the audience perceives for the Company. Companies with higher capitalization have more chances to fight against such crises and economic instability. As stated by Van Assche and Lundan (2020), international business and their performances are highly dependent on international trading. During the pandemic, because of lockdowns trading of raw materials was closed which hampered overall performances of various business firms. It highly impacted financial stability and growth of these business organizations.
In modern businesses, short-term performance refers to financial measures and stability of that organization. For that reason, market capitalization can play a significant role in identifying the current value, size and requirement of a business firm. Based on that, investors and organizational ladders can implement new strategies to enhance overall growth of those firms. During the outbreak of Corona virus, several firms with lower market capitalizations faced issues to continue their business. In order to measure business performances, capitalization can be vital to attract a shareholder to invest for future growth of such an organization.
2.5 Factors to improve short-term performances of international business during Covid-19
When the Corona virus started to spread rapidly, there were no medicines or vaccines to reduce that sudden outbreak. For that reason, millions of active cases were observed all over the world and millions of patients died while fighting with this unknown virus. In that situation, most of the governments including USA, UK, India and Australia announced complete lockdown and declared that any kind of movement in domestic or international flights have been terminated. It turned into an effective process in many regions where the number of active cases started to be reduced. On the other hand, economic stability of those countries also started to get insatiable as most businesses were facing issues due to closing of international trades. As stated by Jubaer (2020), China and the USA are some of the major countries who are associated with exports and imports of several products and raw materials from all over the world. Lack of trading hampered overall production and distribution of products of small firms. It not only impacted their growth but economic stability was hampered.
In order to maintain profitability, those business firms were required to focus on digitalization and implement online marketing strategies to manage their consumer demands. As consumers were unable to visit physical stores, most of them started to buy products from online platforms. Business industries could have tried to open their official websites and promote products in social media platforms. It can be a great idea which can help them to catch the attention of a large consumer base. As stated by Taşel (2020), the economic impact of this pandemic was high enough which has affected organizational profits of small business firms. During the sudden outbreak of that virus, overall demand of several industries including automobile and electronic industries observed a decline. For that reason, many business industries can try to shift their business to another segment which has high demand in that situation. As an example, in the United Kingdom, several small and medium sized firms have shifted their focus on manufacturing and distribution of medical equipment and sanitizers which had high demand during the pandemic. According to Najafi-Tavani et al. (2018), product innovation can be a useful strategy during the pandemic to innovate and create new products as per current market demands to achieve profitability and sustain in those specific industries. Organizational heads were required to identify market demands and based on that new product location can be done to be profitable and stay ahead of their competitors during such economic crises.
2.6 Roles of organizational managers during the pandemic
In the past several years, human resource management or HRM has been a growing topic in relation with international business. According to Hancock and Schaninger (2020), HR managers are responsible to manage their workforce and hire talented candidates that can have positive impacts on overall growth and progress of that organization. During the pandemic of Covid-19, managers of short-term international business firms were required to focus on their activities to maintain sustainability in respective industries. Various roles of managers during Covid-19 have been discussed as follows:
Recruiting talented employees has been one of the major responsibilities of organizational managers to improve the quality of their workforce to achieve competitive advantage over rival organizations. During this pandemic, many employees started to shift to their native countries as international transport was getting closed during the lockdown. It has created a shortage of employees in various industries and for that reason, managers were required to hire talented employees who have knowledge about their job roles and can be able to work in the pandemic situation.
Implementing effective strategies has been another duty of organizational managers and leaders to identify current demands and areas where most of their target audiences are interested. According to Tovmasyan (2017), managers are responsible to identify areas of improvement and based on that apply required strategies to enhance overall business productivity. During the pandemic, most of the customs were attracted by online marketing. In order to sustain in the market, managers are required to use social media platforms to advertise and promote their products for reaching a larger audience base.
Managing employees is also required in international business and managers are required to handle employees from different parts of the world significantly to avoid internal conflicts and for improving overall team-work. According to Graf-Vlachy et al. (2020), in any kind of business firm, it is important for the managers and leaders to manage employees' mental well-being and focus on keeping them motivated to get the best out of them. During the pandemic, many employees were under stress because of the fact that they can lose their jobs at any point of time. In such a situation, managers are required to be friendly with them and try to motivate and influence them to focus on respective jobs for achieving high profitability.
Managers are also responsible to lead their teams in an effective manner to predict market demands and achieve profitability during the pandemic. Visionary style of leadership can be useful for managers to share long-term goals and action plans with all levels of employees for clarifying their doubts. Thus, managers can play a vital role in international business to fight against any crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
2.7 Theories and model
2.7.1 Crowd-sourcing business model
Several small businesses were facing difficulties as consumer demands of few products were reduced during that pandemic. Companies were unable to identify areas to focus on and active profitability in respective sectors. According to Ikediego et al. (2018), Crowd-sourcing refers to a strategy where business firms can ask for opinions from their employees and consumers. Crowd-sourcing business models can be vital to identify requirements of their customers, market trends and strategies of rival firms via social media platforms. In any crisis like that pandemic, business firms can use social media and online shopping platforms to communicate with their consumers. Except for that, a feedback system can be incorporated on these platforms where customers can give their feedback which can help Companies to make changes to satisfy consumers’ needs.
2.7.2 Trait theory of leadership
Leaders and managers are major driving forces in international business who are responsible to influence their subordinates to work with high competence and in an efficient manner. According to Chow et al. (2017), “trait theory of leadership” refers to various traits of organizational heads such as honesty, integrity, fairness and competences are important to get success in respective fields. During the pandemic, organizational leaders can focus on performing their task efficiently and try to be motivated all the time. Such traits will surely influence their team-members and their performances can get better if they start to learn from their seniors. Thus, trait theory can be vital in improving overall productivity of a particular team during such a crisis.
2.8 Literature gap
This chapter has been done based on analysis and review of different pieces of literature and studies related to impacts of Covid-19 on performances of international business firms. However, most of the studies used are based on the economic impacts of this pandemic in business sectors. Social and environmental aspects of this pandemic have not been discussed here. Many global superpowers have helped some industries and lower-economic classes of the societies by government policies. These factors have not been analyzed. Further studies on international trading between third world countries and global superpowers during this pandemic and recommended strategies to overcome economic crisis in the post-pandemic era, have to be done in the upcoming future.
2.9 Chapter summary
It can be concluded from this study, that the sudden outbreak of Covid-19 had significantly impacted short-term financial performances of international business organizations as most of them were highly based on global trading. Various pieces of literature related to the research topic have been reviewed and analyzed in this chapter. Leadership theories and business models for improving business performances during this pandemic have also been discussed. A literature gap has also been included which defines areas which have not been analyzed elaborately in this study.
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Introduction
In this third chapter research methodology of the research dissertation, the researcher has mentioned detailed information about the research methods. The researcher has mentioned the direction of the research. The philosophy and the design of the research have been mentioned. The data collection methodology and the strategy of the research by which way the research has collected the data has been mentioned also. The sample collection and the analysis type of the data have been discussed too. At the end of the chapter, the researcher has mentioned the ethical consideration to say the validity and the approach of the whole study. The timeline of the research and the summary of the chapter have been mentioned.
3.2 Research Onion
Research onion is used in the research study to describe the strategies of the whole chapter (Ørngreen, and Levinsen, 2017). So, the research onion is the tree of the research methodology.
3.3 Research Philosophy
“Research Philosophy” mainly works with the resources, the developmental strategy, and the nature of the research. Snyder (2019) has suggested that the “Research Philosophy” is the framework of the way of whole research by which the phenomenon of data collection and data analysis can be identified. Here in this dissertation, the researcher has used philosophy to formulate the assumptions and the beliefs of the whole project. There are four types of “research philosophy: Pragmatism, realism, positivism, and Interpretivism” (Zangirolami-Raimundo et al. (2018). “Research Philosophy” should be mentioned in the research as it reveals the choice, analysis, and purpose of the research.
Justification
In this research work, the Positivism attitude has been used which fits with the matter of the study. Positivism is used to mention the approach of international business with evidence, statistics, and scientific experiments. Firstly, the theories and the core principles of the study which are illustrated have used positivism to ensure the profit-making strategies for the growth of the business. Secondly, the beliefs of the other authors have been uncovered in the dissertation to share the concept of international business performance.
3.4 Research design
The research design refers to the strategy of the research study to identify the choice of the researcher to evaluate different components of the dissertation and to reveal the logical ways to address the issue of the research study. It can be said that the research design is the blueprints of the data collection method, planning of data analysis, and interpretation of the identified information. There are mainly five types of research design and are A) Descriptive, B) Correlation, C) Experimental, D) Explanatory and E) Diagnostic research design (Snyder, 2019). The research design is to be mentioned in the research to reveal the all strategies of the research project.
Justification
Here in this project, the researcher has used the descriptive research design. The descriptive design is used to describe the primary interest of the research subject. This type of research design has presented the problem or the issue of the research and the aspect of the researcher to meet the problem of the business performance of the international business. According to Ørngreen, and Levinsen (2017), as the dissertation is used a qualitative approach, the descriptive design helps to give valuable variables by testing quantitatively.
3.5 Research Approach
The research approach is the procedure that consists of the assumption of the data collection, data interpretation process. Therefore, it can be said that the research approach is based on the problem of the research study and the nature of the issue (Abutabenjeh, and Jaradat, 2018). The researcher has mentioned the research approach in this third chapter of the research study as the researcher has tried to discover detailed information about the data collection procedure. The research approach helps the researcher to identify the theories relevant to the research topic.
Justification
There are generally two categories of reach approach and are deductive and inductive research approaches. Newman and Gough (2020) suggested that the researcher has picked up the deductive research approach to deal with the research methodology. As per the hypothesis of the research dissertation regarding capitalization and the performance of the internal business, the deductive approach helps to meet the hypothesis and emerges the theories of the research.
3.6 Research Strategy
Research strategy is an action of step by step process that ensures the thoughts of the researcher. The purpose of the research strategy is to focus on the principal components of the research topic and research methods. The researcher has chosen a research strategy on the basis of research questions, research resources, research objectives, and philosophy of the researcher. According to Ørngreen and Levinsen (2017), there are four types of research strategy: I) Qualitative II) Interviews, III) Case studies, IV) Quantitative surveys and V) Action-oriented research.
Justification
The researcher has used the quantitative strategy to accumulate the opinion and perspectives of the research project (Fidahic et al. 2020). The research questions of the research study are the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic in global business and the current issues of global business. The quantitative methods have prepared the questionnaires based on the research question and circulated them among the participants. The participants have given suggestions on the mentioned questions and the answers of the research questions get answers.
3.7 Data Collection Methods
The data collection method is the gathering of data from different resources from the online platform to reach a better decision to conduct the research study (Turnbull et al. 2021). The researcher has gathered data from authentic websites, journals, and articles. The data has been gathered and selected by the researcher and after that, the selected data has been mentioned to evaluate the first and second chapter of the research dissertation. There are two types of data collection methods: Primary Data collection and secondary data collection methods.
Justification
The researcher has chosen the primary quantitative data collection methods. The research has collected direct information from the participants rather than believes in the resources. The data or the information has been selectively analyzed by the researcher and has been mentioned. In this research dissertation, the researcher has collected the opinions of the participants and then checked by the researcher as to the quality and power of the data.
3.8 Data Analysis plan
“Data analysis plan is the map for the data collection and data interpretation process (Kanu, 2019). The data analysis plan for the research study is divided into three stages like understanding the problem statement, understanding the collecting data, and acquiring knowledge from the collected data.
Justification
The researcher has kept the research objectives in mind and then analyzed the collected data as per the requirements of the research objectives. The research objectives of this dissertation are about the strategies of international business, the concept, and meaning of the marketing, and the issue regarding the pandemic on the business. The researcher has collected the data only by focusing on the objectives.
3.9 Sampling method
The samples of the research study are the objects, people that are the main criteria for the research study. The research study mentioned the data on the analysis of the selected population of the research study. Melnikovas (2018) stated that there are generally two types of sampling methods that are the probability sampling method and the non-probability sampling methods. In the case of the non-probability process, the research does not select the variable randomly and mainly focuses on the data collection methods.
Justification
In this research dissertation, the researcher has used a random approach which helps the researcher to generate a wide number of samples. The variables of this dissertation are the customers of the world and the global business industries. The researcher has analyzed the characteristics of both variables and conducted the research as per the knowledge of the research variables.
3.10 Validity and Reliability of Data
This section has mentioned the viability and reliability of the research information that has been mentioned in the whole dissertation. According to Newman, and Gough (2020), variability is the extension of the true concept and the measurement of the quantitative approach. Reliability is the stability of the information as per the response of the researcher. According to Fidahic et al. (2020), the authenticity and the genuineness of the research dissertation depend upon the “Validity and Reliability of Data”. So, the researcher has mentioned this point in this section.
Justification
The central point of the research study is the performance of international business. The researcher fully focused on the topic of the research study. The information and the data which are formulated in this study are from the authentic websites and true statistical information. For reliability, the researcher only picks the information from the different authentic authors and from the websites of the international industries.
3.11 Ethical Consideration
Ethical consideration is the value and principles of the research study that follows human affairs. Such consideration ensures that the information of the research study does not harm any individual in the society including the organizations of the world (Turnbull et al. 2021). Ethical consideration is must to mention in chapter three to ensure the true nature of the researcher.
Justification
The researcher has ensured the data or the information through the “Data Protection Act, 2018” (Gov, 2021). The researcher does not only gather the data from the authentic resources but also selects them from the gathering as per the true information. All information is recent in the online platform and does not manipulate anywhere in the whole research. The researcher has gained knowledge from the information effectively and mentioned it efficiently. So, ethical consideration has been used by the researcher with the best approach.
3.12 Research timeline
[Refer to Appendix]
3.13 Summary
In this chapter of the research study, the researcher has mentioned the methods and ways of processing the whole dissertation. At first, the introductory section highlighted the points of this chapter. Then the researcher has mentioned the whole procedures to conduct this dissertation. The research philosophy has been mentioned to generate theories and philosophy of the research and the research design has interpreted the collecting information. The data collection method of the research is the primary qualitative data collection method and for this, the primary data have been collected from the participants of the research. The ethical consideration and the variability section have been discussed about the authenticity of the researcher about the data collection method. The sampling method has identified the key samples of the research and the research strategy has mentioned the thoughts and the interest of the researcher to conduct the research as per the research topic. Along with this research online had been used to formulate all sections of chapter three and used a timeline of the research.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings
4.1 Introduction
This chapter of the dissertation will provide a thorough analysis of that data that will be recorded by interviewing with a set of questionnaires. The main objective of the data collection is to provide details about the impact of the pandemic on short term businesses. The sudden arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic all over the world has impacted the overall economic stability of multiple countries. Most small and medium-sized international business firms have faced issues in maintaining profit during this situation.
4.2 Primary Quantitative Data Analysis
In order to understand the topic, several questions have been designed in order to get the required answers. Questions is one of the best option to get survey data from the people (Wen et al. 2020). In this research work, the Positivism philosophy has been used which fits with the matter of the study. This question will help to understand the answers better, 100 Employees of small businesses will be interviewed and questioned. Out of 100, 60 employees are Male and 40 employees are female. The employees will be interviewed in a structured manner as this will give the knowledge of the topic that is the impact of the pandemic in the short term businesses performance.
Q1: Gender
| Options | Total number of respondents | Respondents to the survey | Percentage |
| Male | 100 | 60 | 60% |
| Female | 100 | 40 | 40% |
| Not Disclosed | 100 | 0 | 0% |
Table 1: Gender of the employees
Gender is one of the most important demographic questions that can be asked to understand the demographic status of the organizations. As per the data that has been collected, Out of 100 employees, 60% of the employees are Male and 40% are Female, there was no one of another gender. This has Clearly notified that the organizations have maintained the gender equality in the work environment. As mentioned by Fabeil et al. (2020), this will help to provide value to the organizations as Providing values is one of the most important aspects that a business has to think of after working in a society.
Q2: Age group
| Options | Total number of respondents | Respondents to the survey | Percentage |
| 18-25 | 100 | 40 | 40% |
| 25-35 | 100 | 20 | 20% |
| 35-45 | 100 | 30 | 30% |
| Above 45 | 100 | 10 | 10% |
Table 2: Age group
Age group is one of the most important factors of demographics as this will add value and will help to understand the current situation of the working environment and also will help to understand the employability rate of the countries. As per the data that has been collected by the survey, this is clear that the employability is probably the most attractive and most of the students have got jobs even after pandemics, and also have cleared that the work environment is overall good.
As per the data, out of 100 employees, 40 employees are under the age group of 18-25 years, 20% of the employees are under the age group of 25-35 years, and 30% of the employees are under the age group of 35-45 years, 10% are above 45 age group. This has described that the overall employability of the organizations is good.
Q3: Which statement correctly describes the stability of your business?
| Options | Total number of respondents | Respondents to the survey | Percentage |
| Fully trading | 100 | 40 | 40% |
| Fairly Trading | 100 | 20 | 20% |
| Partially trading | 100 | 10 | 10% |
| Currently Paused | 100 | 20 | 20% |
| Permanently ceased | 100 | 10 | 20% |
Table 3: Description of the stability of your business
Business stability is one of the most important topics in the pandemic, as the research will focus on the impact of the pandemic on the performance of the small enterprise or business, as mentioned by Bendavid et al. (2021), the pandemic has affected the overall business models and thus have also impacted the performance. the employees work in the organizations to get some earnings that will be helpful for the essential things for a living.
As per the data that has been collected, out of 100 employees, 40% have reported that their organization is Fully trading and is stable during the covid-19 pandemic, 20% of the employees have reported that their organization is fairly trading and is in normal condition during the pandemic. 20% of the employees have reported that their organization is currently paused and is not in a normal condition during the pandemic, 10% of the employees have reported that their organization is partially trading and is in somewhat normal condition during the pandemic, and the rest of the 10% has reported that their organization is Permanently ceased in the pandemic, thus it can be said that overall businesses are in good shape but it is observed that the overall structure of some businesses has been affected completely.
Q4: Has your business changed its style of business operation after the pandemic?
| Options | Total number of respondents | Respondents to the survey | Percentage |
| Certainly | 100 | 30 | 30% |
| Moderately | 100 | 20 | 20% |
| Not so much | 100 | 40 | 40% |
| No comment | 100 | 10 | 10% |
Table 4: Style of business operation after the pandemic
Pandemic has impacted the global trading system, but to counter it many of the businesses have changed their operation style. As mentioned by Salamzadeh and Dana (2021), the operation style of a business varies and will change with the situation of the overall conditions.
As per the survey data, out of 100 employees, 30% of the employee has reported that their organization have changed their operation style. Whereas, 40% of the employees have reported that their organization haven’t changed their operation style that much. 20% of the employee has reported that their organization have changed their operation style moderately. And 10% of the employee have not commented as they didn’t observe their business operation style at all. This has made clear that some of the business has tried to adapt to the pandemic situation in their business, but some of the businesses have to set their strategies and may have to work on emergency strategies that might be taken into consideration in the future.
Q5: Which statement correctly describes the financial condition of your business?
