Event Management- Dissertation
EVENT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY TRENDS BEFORE AND AFTER 2020
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Table of Contents |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
| 1.1Introduction |
| 1.2Background of the study topic |
| 1.3 The rationale of the research |
| 1.4Research aim |
| 1.5Researchobjectives |
| 1.6Research drawbacks and short comings |
| 1.7Research questions |
| 1.8Research hypothesis |
| 1.9Significance of the study |
| Chapter 2: Literature Review of Event Management |
| 2.1 introduction |
| 2.2 Conceptual Framework |
| 2.3 critical analysis |
| 2.4 Theory and model |
| 2.5 literature gap |
| 2.6 summary |
| 3.Research Methodology |
| 3.1Introduction |
| 3.2Research onion |
| 3.3Research philosophy |
| 3.4Research Approach |
| 3.5Research design |
| 3.4Data collection method |
| Firsts party Data |
| Second-party Data |
| Third-party Data |
| Data Analysis Plan |
| 3.8 Data analysis method |
| 3.8.1 What Is The Data Analysis Process? |
| 3.8.2Ten Data Analysis Methods |
| 3.5Samples |
| 3.5.1Sample size |
| 3.6Sample type |
| 3.7Sampling methods |
| 3.7.1Types of sampling: sampling methods |
| 3.7.2 use of probability- sampling |
| 3.7.3 Types of non-probability sampling {with example} |
| Validity and Reliability of Data |
| Ethical Consideration |
| Research Timeline |
| Chapter 4: Data analysis and its finding |
| 4.1 Introduction of Data Analysis |
| 4.2 Primary Quantitative data analysis |
| 4.3 Discussion |
| 4.4 Summary |
| 5Conclusion and recommendations |
| 5.1Conclusions |
| 5.2Research techniques before and after 2020 |
| 5.3Safety and Security of Attendees:- |
| 5.4Multiverse and Metaverse |
| 5.5 Event apps |
| 5.6Event management and linking with objectives |
| 5.6.1Objective 1 and its description |
| 5.6.2Objective 2 and its description |
| 5.6.3Objective 3 and its description |
| 5.6.4Objective 4 and its description |
| 5.7SMART Recommendation |
| 5.8Research limitations |
| 5.7.1Progressive low investment |
| 5.7.2Dependability on the Internet and its drawbacks |
| 5.7.3Less familiarity or connection |
| 5.7.4The problemisthe global time difference |
| 5.7.5Less or no networking |
| 5.9FUTURE SCOPES |
| Reference and bibliography |
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List of figures |
| Figure 1.1: Uses of technology software- Event Management |
| Figure 1.2: Investment in Artificial Intelligence Technology by Corporates |
| Figure 1.3: Average funding for AI |
| Figure 2.1: Conceptual Framework |
| Figure3.1: Research Onion |
| Figure 3.2: Research Approach |
| Figure 3.3: Research Design |
| Figure 3.4: Research Design Definition |
| Figure 3.5: Research Methods |
| Figure 3.6: Research Data Analysis Process |
| Figure 3.7: 10 Data Analysis Method |
| Figure 3.8: Research of Data Analysis |
| Figure 3.9: Sampling methods |
| Figure 4.1: Gender of employee |
| Figure 4.2: Age group of employees |
| Figure 4.3: Pie-Chart of the trend of the event management technologies |
| Figure 4.4: A market approach to the trend of event management technologies |
| Figure 4.5: Stability of market after the changes of trend in event management technologies |
| Figure 5.1: Holograms |
Lists of Tables |
| Table 4. 1: Gender of employees |
| Table 4. 2: Age grouping |
| Table 4. 3: Description of trend of the event management technologies |
| Table 4. 4: Market approach about the trend of event management technologies |
| Table 4. 5: Stability of market after the changes of trend in event management technologies |
| Table 5. 1: Saves time and decreases costs of arrangement |
| Table 5. 2: Build your new brand |
| Table 5. 3: More attendees get increases |
| Table 5. 4: Better networking through social media |
| Table 5. 5: Data collection |
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1Introduction
Event management plays a great role in companies' marketing of newer products. For this method, a huge number of customers are contacted throughout the world, and event management technologies are used for this purpose. Before the pandemic large sector companies organize events in large seminars or physical locations but after the pandemic situation has restricted the companies from organizing any events in any physical locations. In recent times due to lockdown and pandemic situations, people become used to webinars and live events which has allowed the event management to arrange an event through platforms like Facebook, Instagram, or YouTube. Survival is what makes any company to exists in this pandemic situation. Online events and webinars have helped businesses and companies to reach a huge number of customers throughout the world at any specific time. So, research mythology has been made where the success factor in online events shows before 2020 and compared with the online event management success after 2020.
The researcher will carry out a live project and research proposal on the primary data collection method, where both quantitative and qualitative data would be used. In the last part research proposal has been shared and the research methodology and literature review have been provided very properly and with future scopes.
The event technology management — and accepting the most important ones — gives place of the event and planners cutthroat benefits. According to research event management Technology can amplify audience by 20℅ and impoverished output by 27%.
But with the newly technologies related to events and technologies upcoming constantly, how you know which ones to accept? We’ve got you cover with the event technology management trend you should know.
1.2Background of the study topic
Event management technology has expanded in every aspect of the getting attendance of the audiences, any event planning, 3D technology event, webinars, holograms, digital live shows, etc. There are different types of event management technology like Virtual reality, chatbots and augmented reality, etc.. In the view of the year 2019, event management technology is important as it is also identified as a mechanism for economic development. With the new and latest technologies, the event management Industry is dependable.
Day by day the usage of Technical software are increasing in the Event Management Trends. According to Statista.com, 2019, the software in the event shows are 6.38 billion $, whereas in the year 2019, the value of the event management software is nearly 8 billion $. The above information shows the usage of technical software in the increasing manner of event management.
1.3 The rationale of the research
A lot of Technological Advancements have taken place in the Event Management Industry. Most event organizers prefer advanced technological tools and methods to arrange any events. It's found with the help of technology event has become much easier and more preferable in terms of online transactions and booking of online event tickets.
The global investment in AI (Artificial Intelligence) after pandemic reached 68 billion$ according to statists.com, in 2021. The above diagram shows the increase in the advancement technology with the assist of AI in the Event trend Managemen. The above data, its known that Technology is the essence of Event Management, and knowing drawbacks and advantages connected with Event Management, Technology is highly significant. This research will tell about the technical significance of Event Management.
1.4Research aim
As our topic is, "Event Management Technology Trend before and after 2020". The main aim is to research proposals and to identify the event management technologies before 2020 and what its now after 2020.
1.5Researchobjectives
- To find out the real essence and needs and requirement of the technology before 2020 and after 2020, in the event management trends.
- To find out and assess the event management trend before 2020 and after 2020
- To find out the importance and related challenges of event management technologies
- To make the event management more efficient through different concepts and models
1.6Research drawbacks and short comings
Technology in event management is important as it makes it much more efficient and costs effective. As the yearly quarter progresses, the application of technologies has decreased. Previously much research work was carried out which reveals the challenges and benefits related to event management technologies. But this project research work will find out the detailing of the significance of event management technology.
The above diagram indicates average funding for AI. In the initial quarter of 2014, the speculation in the Artificial Intelligence was huge, but as the year progresses, the investment decreases at the end of the quarter. Similarly, the speculation in Artificial Intelligence technology in 2018 was more but as year passes by, at the beginning of 2019 the investment is less compared to 2018. The following data shows that there may be some harmful effects of investing in technologies. This research will find out the issues related to the problems and shortcomings of implementing technologies in event management.
1.7Research questions
Q1. What is the meaning of event management?
Q2. What is the technology related to event management trends before and after 2020?
Q3. What are the drawbacks and shortcomings related to event management technology?
Q4. How the event management process can be much more efficient and easier?
Q5. How the event management organizers can make the event shows much more cost-effective?
1.8Research hypothesis
1. There is no connection between innovation and event management technology.
2. After trending technology in the overall process, There is development in event management after trending technology in the overall procedure.
3. There are significant challenges in the event management technologies to implement.
4.By using technological trends, there are different paths to make the procedure more efficient for event management.
1.9Significance of the study
The emerging knowledge of event management and the implication of technology are the two signs of the study. For many top companies and in the corporate arena the usage of the technologies like AI will play a very important role. This research work will help in gathering information about the technology in the global business market. These research works will also open doors for future researchers on the event management topic. Moreover, in the academic sector, this project will give knowledge about event management and its usage before and after 2020.
The future researcher can improve the event management as this study and research will provide gaps between their knowledge and understanding. Knowledge about different technological trends will benefit the corporate sector. On another side, this study will help the event managers by making them aware by providing data about the drawbacks of the event management technologies. This research will provide a vast knowledge and futural perspective about event management technology before and after 2020.
Chapter 2: Literature Review of Event Management
2.1 introduction
Event production is, at its center, way of arranging an event. This category includes any type of incident, whether it is held in participant, practically, or in a blended setting. It is associated with event and gathering planning. The extent of every venture, as with those other terms, varies depending on the business, firm characteristics, and other factors. There are numerous names for event management. Administrators, event implementers, and incident technicians are some of the terms used to describe planners. The people who have a palm in event management have one common factor (Ismailov, 2019). Events must be scheduled, whether they are extrinsic or intrinsic, medium or large, inside or digital.
2.2 Conceptual Framework
2.3 critical analysis
2.3.1 Technology trends in event planning earlier the year 2020
Innovation in event planning generally aids in the broadcasting of live sporting events, and also 360° merchandise displaying, that also aids in properly focusing features or functionalities of the product. On either side, the use of artificially intelligent aids in increasing the ability to customize persons' life experience as well as going to bring the society together. Furthermore, it has been discovered that in 2020, there could be another innovation for event planning, which really is face detection. Since some event advancements have changed, there has been a major technological trend before that in 2020. Innovations connected with events are constantly being refined or developed in order to improve availability. It's been discovered that, in the scenario of event production technology, artificial and digital reality have become more vibrant and revolting (Schoonenboom, 2017). Using this new tech, dresses can easily search their faces, highlighting latecomers.
Event production innovation has been discovered to have dispersed to many elements such as planning an event, participation encounter, and so many more. There are numerous types of entertainment technology available, including augmented reality, augmented worlds, AI-powered virtual agents, and many others. In the opinion of Schoonenboom(2017), event management industry has been discovered to be heavily reliant on cutting-edge technology. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology software in wedding planning has indeed been observed to increase slowly but surely. It's been discovered that devices are increasingly being used in occasion management to make it more effective. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that as the period progressed, the use of innovations decreased. Preceding studies in this area only discloses the advantages and disadvantages of event planning technologies. The very next proposed study will provide an in-depth look at the significance of event planning technology.
Simulated occasion management encompasses the very same steps as handling some incident, but with the difficulty in ensuring that your material is more fascinating. While events have the added advantage of travel, connectivity, free meals, a virtual occasion depends a lot on its subject matter to keep participants occupied. Hybrid events are a mix of simulated and in-person occurrences. It has all of the advantages of both but also has its own range of difficulties. When hosting a hybrid event, visitors must manage two viewers – virtual and in-person – and make a decision which material and event coding will be accessible to everyone.
2.3.2 Trends in event planning technology after 2020
Now with help of Fingerprint scanners that are able to fit in the everyones' bracelets, bookings or physical payouts can be replaced at the occasion. RFID can be useful in trying to arrange events that take into account social range safety precautions, importance in the recent moment of this flu epidemic. Furthermore, in the future, AI-powered chatbots may be used to computerize customer support or provide a quick response. Some research firms predict that the AI market will be worth $190 trillion dollars by 2025. Several forthcoming event planning techniques have been discovered in the last few years (Pewresearch, 2020). Rfid Tags, also known as RFID, is the most significant advancement in event planning.
The event's objective is always to stay connected. Event manufacture is more than simply discovering linens or the best virtual technologies dealer; it also tells controlling contacts as smoothly and easily as possible. At the time of the conference, you will gather prospects that are used in sales. These contacts will be important in representation the ROI of your occasion. Event planning doesn’t end with the completion of the occasion. Its required to describe success and show areas of improvement during the occasion. During the procedure whatever data has been gathered it will made it more easily to carry out the process. Live voting is an outstanding approach to find out the reaction of the attendees during the program. The organizers deals with several activities like adding prospect who can come in the event, to describe success through the event, ensuring communications, and creating an unimaginable and unforgettable event for the attendees as well as for the business owners.
It's a challenging job that entails rotating an endless number of items and functioning overtime to produce a unforgettable occasion for visitors. It can be made simple only by involving technology, especially when setting up a hybrid and virtual event. Although event organizers depend on scraps of paper and spreadsheets, there are technology accessible that will save time and take gatherings to the next level. As a result, RFID and Chatbot event planning technologies may have an impact on trends in the next decades. The usage of event mobile applications is a trend lately in hosting events. There are several applications for event mobile applications (Madray, 2020). They could be used to store somewhat static data such as the program, speaker bios, and basic FAQs. They also can stimulate audience interest and inclusion by using interactive technologies such as live casting a vote, sending comments to presenters during Q&A, or creating live interactive "word clouds." Event organizers can also utilize mobile event applications for communication. Organizers can connect with participants via alerts, alerts, and pushing messages. They may also be used to gather information from the respondents through the usage of questionnaires in the application.
2.3.3 The influence of Epidemic on event planning
Technology has advanced significantly in recent years, and individuals have embraced it quicker than ever before, to the point where, as a result of the epidemic, practically every business worker has been accustomed to work from homes and phone conferences, as well as webinars concepts. Following that, the Events management began to employ larger and more accepted digital channels, such as YouTube and twitter, as viable venues for the event organization. The pandemic rendered 2020, difficult years for all industry owners that separate itself and battle in opposition to the financial disintegration while also entering the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
The covid-19 epidemic has severely harmed practically every sector and the financial foundation of the whole worldwide market. In this era, desire for trendy items decreased throughout the worldwide market, and enterprises grew economically backward over time. As a consequence, many corporations ceased holding events in physical locations since consumers would be unable to participate physically (Milesand Shipway, 2020). As a result, businesses began to push the boundaries of their digital operations, such as hosting an event in a recording broadcast on those popular services. Many large corporations, such as Apple and Google, have held events on digital sites and have been effective in reaching their consumers and other investors with brand new goods as a result of the challenges.
The 2020 Tokyo Olympic games and European Football League titles have been postponed, top music events such as the Glastonbury Festival and the Eurovision Song Contest have been canceled, major blockbusters have had their launch dates pushed back, and 's biggest teaching federation, the Education Policy Union, has canceled their annual convention. Although some events have been delayed rather than canceled, there is no disputing the epidemic will have a severe impact on the business in 2020. In the long run, it must adapt. When the UK government stated that we would be heading into lockup on March 23, 2020, all activities were canceled or relocated online. Individuals were urged to remain at home if we needed to go somewhere for food, medicine, or recreation.
Keeping physical space between persons from various families is critical for future occurrences. This implies bigger venues for fewer people. You'll also need to add space between chairs to maintain this gap, and method is available floor markings to indicate when folks may need to wait. Then there's the environmental effect to ponder if you think throwaway cups are the easiest and safest option. In recent times, there's been a lot of emphasis on sustainability measures, but it is probable that the fear of the disease spreading would then take priority. Most common spaces now include washing or hand sanitizer facilities.
2.3.4 The importance of technical advancement in the planning process
Technology plays a crucial part in making event operation more effective. Started practicing face detection as well as online payment events administration, it has gotten easier. Furthermore, options like live streaming or leveraging social media may be quite beneficial in keeping potential guests up to date or connecting with them properly. Furthermore, with the support of GDPR (General Data Protection), safeguarding data and assuring security solutions for the company becomes easier. Currently, the event production sector has been discovered to be stepping towards the future, which is full of technical breakthroughs. Adopting future technical advancements in event planning might provide various advantages.
Event management systems can assist to improve things for attendees. Technology simplifies an event manager's job and enables them to focus on the significant aspects of the occasion. It benefits everything from visorsit pleasure to managing projects, so give it a shot during the next conference (Kestler, 2021). Event planning software can assist you in focusing on the most critical aspects of planning. The programme organizes data for customers so that it becomes easy to utilize. This way, one won't have to waste time preparing anything. One may instantly resume work on the event's essential components. One can measure how often they spend on every event that is arranged by using party planning software. One may also compare the number spent on one event to prior similar incidents. In this way, you'll be able to recognize places where one can minimize costs so it can be cost effective on comparable situations in the near future. Since everybody is operational on the same system, its easy for all parties occupied in event preparation to communicate with others. Effective communication is required to know effective event will take place or not.
Social media may be applied in a variety of sectors. Whenever it comes to wedding planning, social media makes it simpler for individuals to share their stories, and event organizers can simply gather feedback from participants. This is an excellent approach to make adjustments for upcoming developments (Kennedy, 2017). Mail advertising is an effective technique for publicizing any event. Marketing strategy, when integrated with digital marketing, may assist an event planner in sending more tailored emails on an occasion. While the use of augmented worlds grows, this will become an important tool in wedding planning.
2.4 Theory and model
2.4.1 5C’s of Event Planning
Through offering a positive experience to guests, event management may be regarded among the most trendy and exciting employment opportunities. To go forward with a good event management approach, the 5 C's must be understood.
Concept
It is critical to understand the event's genuine purpose since without defined objectives, it will be impossible to identify the target audience. The first stage in wedding planning is to prepare for a good tournament, which is also called the idea.
Coordination
Following the establishment of a solid plan, a theme for the specific event must be chosen, which will lead to an idea for the décor site as well as many other extra items (Midlothiancenter, 2020). The next steps must be taken in order to promote the function to the intended or possible attendees.
Control
Throughout order to create a successful event, event management must be concerned about ensuring there will be enough room for all guests. This is among the most crucial phases of event planning because event managers must ensure everything is on path.
Culmination
The completion stage in event planning is similar to the crescendo stage. The next step often includes communicating with vendors, monitoring the theater's security, and ensuring that the setup begins on schedule (Midlothiancenter, 2020).
Closeout
communicate problems or successes of the event only with a group so that they may be supported or led if there is a problem. After the event has concluded satisfactorily, it is critical to ensure that all payments and vendor terminations have been completed.
2.4.2 7 Ps of Event
Product
In a market strategy whats more important is the goods and services that it offers. The internet marketing mix is ideal for promoting business items, such as through SEO, blogging or publications, paid advertising, influencers, and video clip initiatives.
Price
When any product is produced by the manufacturers, on what factors and qualities of a product the consumers sees to purchase a product in compared with other factors.
Promotion
Digital promotion is only restricted by company creativity and may include shows, conversations, facebook groups, and livecast.
Place
Place and location matters for any product to be sold and promoted in less time. If the product is promoted technologically then where it should be promoted like in social media or webinars or through live VR or in hologram technology. Location matters as then it should be promoted in that location and no extra energy is lost in distributing and promoting the product in some other location where the target customer is not present.
People
Any product produced by any individual or organization should be sold in front of the consumers. They try to get the consumers through different mechanisms like chat bots or sales professionals or through calling or advertising. Training is being given to the sales professional who will represent their product and deliver it understanding the consumers requirements and lives.
Process
The process matters where the produced end product make available to the consumers in specified time and according to their demand. This process includes the manufacturing, the wholesalers or the retailers or the middlemen and delivers it through a correct specified channel to the ultimate users or consumers.
Physical evidence
Any product which is thought to be sold at firsts produced. Any product is produced with different elements in it. Like a laptop is produced with different parts like plastic, glass, metals, mechanics and battery etc. so these all elements made together creates an existence of a product which have values in it and which can be sold to the ultimate consumers.
2.5 literature gap
Event analysis is an important issue of any business since it helps with marketing, stakeholder involvement, and expanding brand recognition and client base by actively confronting target customers. As a result, there are several issues that may be addressed in this debate of literature review, as well as a discussion of prospective scopes of wedding planning. Evaluating all the issues would deviate from the goal of the study request, thus they were left out of this existing literature. The residual treatment of connected themes, on the other hand, may be argued as a research gap in this study proposal.
2.6 summary
Event planning has also effectively exploited digital services and performed huge events throughout the world, ushering in industrialization 4.0. Furthermore, as a result of the epidemic, most people have gotten accustomed to such online platforms, and seminars and also activities on internet technology have allowed the possibility to contact more new clients via popular services. These factors have opened up a variety of future possibilities for wedding planning as well as the study proposal. After evaluating the success aspects from these events via this study proposal, small company organizations would want to focus on similar events internationally through digital sites in the coming future to attract more consumers and investors to their organization.
3.Research Methodology
3.1Introduction
Research methodology can be considered to be a systematic and scientific along with theoretical discussion in order to gather information related to the particular topic. Eventually, in order to carry out investigation scientifically then research is only the way. Accordingly, this chapter tends to pose an upper hand on the spectrum of choosing efficient techniques along with tools so that the authentic and relevant data can be collected. Apart from that the method may seems to be focused on the aspects of efficiently utilizing the design and methodological tools. Most importantly, the tools of the research methodology seem to be helpful in order to resolve the obstacles and complications in the route map of entire study.
In the event management trend we have created primary data collection as sample collection methods and through it is the technology before 2020 and after 2020 how it have affected changed and formulated the event management carried out by different firms and companies through different organizations who invite attendees to the event.
3.2Research onion
Lewis, saunders and thomhill explained in their research about the research onion method. To help students to make an structured methodology, this onion model is used to depict dissertation at different stages. Below the diagram explain clearly about the research onion model.
3.3Research philosophy
There are 4 types of philosophy in research in the research arena, they are Realism, Interpretivism, Positivism, and Pragmatism. This research program has focused in identified the success of the event management before and after 2020.Interpretivism is the easiest and most suitable research philosophy because it will complete the whole research and there would be some meaning behind it, and it would focus on only a single topic.
3.4Research Approach
The inductive researcher are two varieties of research approaches in research onion, they are deductive and inductive research. They play a major role in any research. According to Alase, (2017), deductive research refers to those research that has found the final result from any events using acceptable models and theories. According to Savic and Cvetkoska, (2019), inductive research is such research, which will find out the model and theory of a series of events.
The researcher is going to carry out the research to analyze the success of event management before and after 2020. It follows a deductive research approach. The above diagram shows deductive research approach has 4 steps information, pattern, tentative hypothesis, and theory. The deductive research approach would help in constructing the research methodology in a constructed way but also helps in the collection of data from survey results and interviewers.
Research Design: The Explanation, Characteristics, and Varieties
Research design description
A researcher chooses a framework of research methods and techniques is known as research design. This research design allows researcher to have research methods that are favorable for the research and it may achieve success.
A researcher chooses study methods and techniques as a framework of research design. The researcher uses the semi-experimental topic or the topic in focus and makes different theories for its betterment and success.
Different types of research study experimental, correlational, survey, semi-experimental, and its feedback. There are different sub headings like research problems, descriptive case studies and experimental design. The different types of research design are-measurement, , analysis and data collection.
If any organization is facing any difficulties, then it will be because of the research design. The design phase means how and which tool to use. Any importance of research is dependent on an increase in the trust of the data and its accuracy in force and minimum prejudices. In any experimental design, there should be the least error of margin and it’s indicated as the desired outcome.
If you do proper research study maybe you will get success for sure. Correct research studies will always use data that are accurate and unbiased. Whatever characteristic it meets, it can be done by creating a survey.
3.5Data collection method
Data means a collection of consumers, facts, symbols, events, and objects gathered together from various sources. Data helps in decision-making for various organizations. Without data, correct decisions cannot be taken so data are collected from various sources.
Before launching any new product data are collected for customer preferences, demand for the product about the competitors, etc. Before launching any product proper research work is not done then the product face failure and has less demand and an inability to meet customers’ demand. Data for any organization is a none valuable if its not processed and transformed into a valuable product, then it’s of no use.
There are 3 types of data: -
- Firsts party Data- the organizations collect it directly from the users.
- Second-party Data- When any organization shared its data about its consumers with other organizations.
- Third-party Data- Data that is rented and sold by organizations that don’t have any connection to other users.
Be its Qualitative (contextual) or Quantitative(numeric). Many data collection methods maybe suited for your business or others may not.
In this chapter we have explained clearly about the primary data source of the research carried out directly to the attendees of the events. We have set out few questions and asked it directly to the people who have attended and know about the event technology both before 2020 and after 2020. Our main objective is to find out the detailed study of the current situation of the event management trends before and after 2020.
The sample size and the questionnaire which are used, due to the prediction to be made of the data collection method. It helps to find out the changes and the response of the direct users by knowing their perception about event management changes after and before 2020. Here in the research we have taken 100 sample size means 100 individuals who are using the event technology before also and after the pandemic also. The country is selected as UK market as it’s the mosts responsive and widely acceptable throughout the world. Among the 100 individuals 60 are men and 40 are women. To study and experiment on the topic interviews and survey was done in the UK streets to get the response of the 100 individuals.
Data Analysis Plan
3.6 Data analysis method
Data analysis is a technique where data are extracted, collected, and modeled to make decisions making. In 2 core areas, these methods are largely based they quantitative and qualitative research.
3.6.1What Is The Data Analysis Process?
After collection of the data, its organized segregated and processed to get the desired conclusions. There are 5 different steps of data analysis they are:-
Identity- Separate and segregate the data according to your needs. Total more than 100 sample sizes was used and according to we have to segregate and then processed the correct and the useful materials which will help us in our research work. Among many we searched for clear and clean datas of the people which will be used for further research work.
Collect- From a different sources the data are collected and kept for future use. Those datas and questionnaires which are collected are kept for the future usage. Rests which may benefit us in our data processing are used and identified.
Clean- After the data are collected its processed for clean and the useless data are kept aside. After we collect all the data and responses from the general public the next step is cleaning it. Cleaning and processing can be done through different verification of name of the user then was all the question answered or not. How much time they took and how much knowledge they used to answer those questions and the lasts step was the datas suitable for our topics outcome or not. We took total of 100 sample size among 200 answered and according to us those 100 selected users were the bests in answering and delivering their experience and knowledge to us.
Analyze- Then the data are analyzed and the result is searched out. Analysation is done through different parameters and graphs and charts. After we searched for the data and the result then its processed and figures and graphs and charts make the work much more easier. Then the outcome of the event management is drawn and the result is depicted. We have used the primary data collection method and through the firsts hand data its easier to find out the result and it will be original and unique data collection.
3.6.2Ten Data Analysis Methods
The 10 data analyses methods are as follows-:
3.6.2.1Cluster analyses method
3.6.2.2Cohort analyses method
3.6.2.3Regression analyses
3.6.2.4Factor analyses
3.6.2.5Neutral analyses
3.6.2.6Data mining method
3.6.2.7Text analyses
3.6.2.8Time series analyses
3.6.2.9Decision tree analyses
3.6.2.10Conjoint analyses
Different tools and techniques are used for data analyzation verification and to search out the result of the survey. There are different ways to do data analysis they are thematic data analysis and survey data analysis. Thematic data analysis means the qualitative data that has been collected from the interview. The second is the survey data analysis which means analyzing the data from the survey and using it to find out the correct and desired result. According to Clarke and Braun, there data analysis means the ability to find out the result of any topic with vast and in-depth knowledge.
( Source: influenced by author Joseph A. Maxwell, 1996)
Here telephonic interviews are conducted as an interview process and data are collected from the previous call recordings of the interview. Thus recorders and telephones are used as tools for the data representation. These tools help in saving time and its costs effective. The tools are used for collection of data and for further discussion and understanding.
3.7Samples
3.7.1Sample size
What is a sample size?
“Sample Size” is a research terminology that indicates the total numeralogy of individuals who participated in any research work for carrying out any survey. When you are surveying large respondents of a large population sample size is very much important. It relates to the way research is conducted on large populations. Maybe you cannot reach every population so this sample size of a large or small population is taken from different segments and sizes to research and understand their mentality. The size of the population is very important for searching for the statistically significant result, accuracy, and running your study. Samples are chosen by the researcher based on their age, gender, location, and demographics. Example, you want to understand what age group of public will visit your event is it 18-25 or 40-50. The survey can be done on a sample size of 100 distributed among a huge population of USA. The total personal in a particular sample is indicated as the sample size.
Why sample size is required?
Take an example a researcher want to make survey and want to know about the success of your new product, it can be any event or a mobile phone. You want to know whether the mobile phone will be successful or not. You want to know whether the target sample size will buy or use your product or not. What are their thoughts on the new launch and what are the new features they want in their product?
Hypothetically, we have taken the citizen of UK total of 100 sample size. The sample size have experienced the event technology before and after 2020. The responses of the population will be used to know the reaction the population. You have to keep in mind how much sample size can fulfill your requirements. If the sample size is much more then it will not be helpful in any way and can waste your money and energy, to reach a large number of people and take the responses. Whereas if the sample size is much less then it would be of no use and will not fulfill your requirements and purpose.
Terms related or used in the sample size?
Population size: It is how many people fit in the total population. For example you want to find out that how many people have experienced the event technology in the country UK. Her the sample size is taken as 100 as much sample size is not required here as the topic suggests its about the event technology which are used and experience by mosts people and the response can be same for all.
Confidence level: How much confident you are that your data are correct for further research work. It is the percentage of your confidence level and its accuracy. Example- your result is 90% and your confidence is accurately 90%.
The scope of error: Any survey cant is 100% accurate. The confidence level tells you how much the population you will target for your survey. The margin of error represents how close the result of the survey falls relative to the total population. To find out the margin error a calculator is used.
Standard deviation: Its the determination of the dispersion of a set of information. Its the absolute variability of distribution. The standard deviation and the scale of the deviation will be much greater if the dispersion and variability are higher. You have already distributed confidence. In the total responses how many variations do you expect? That variation of the response of the sample size is known as the standard of deviation
Sample size computation formula –how to search for the sample size
To learn how to determine sample size through a sample computation formula. Its described with an example below:
Lets take confidence level represents as Zo-score. This is the same value required for this calculation. Here are the Zo-scores of the confidence levels:
90% – Zo Score = 1.645
95% – Zo Score = 1.96
99% – Zo Score = 2.576
If the confidence level is different, many online tools can help you to get the ultimate score.
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Required Sample Size = (Zo-score)2 * StandDevi*(1-StandDevi) / (margin of error)2 |
Example- how to find out the standard deviation, determining to choose a 90% confidence level, .6 stand devi, and a margin of error of +/- 4%.
((1.64)2 x .6(.6)) / (.04)2
( 2.68x .0.36) / .0016
.9648 / .0016
=603
603 respondents are required in the survey and it becomes your sample size.
3.8Sample type
Before any analysis, whatever sample or data are collected according to the requirements. There are 2 types of samples they are quantitative and qualitative and this research will use both types. Quantitative data refers to numerical data such as disagreement of a case, agreement, and other numerical numbers. It’s according to Hennink et Al. 2019. Qualitative data means non-numerical theories, data opinions, and others. Qualitative datas would be gathered through interviews and for Quantitative data gathering survey should be carried out.
Here in the experiment and research we have taken the qualitative data collection type. Like which includes theories, data opinions and interviews. So we have done interviews of nearly 200 people and among them we have taken the sample size as 100. We have taken interviews and given them 30-40 questions to answer. They answered it and received a gift voucher from the jimmys kitchen. We have carried out certain theories and make certain graphs and diagrams below to explain and search for our outcome.
3.9Sampling Methods
3.9.1Types of sampling: sampling methods
There are 2 types of sampling methods in Research, non-probability sampling and probability sampling, Lets discuss about the methods:-
It’s a technique where a researcher chooses the sample size from the population randomly. With this selection technique, all the members have the right to be a part of the sample.
Here in this sampling technique, the members are chosen from the population randomly. Its not to search for the number of immigrants living in India it can divide the population into clusters of states, like Delhi, Mumbai, Haryana, Rajasthan, etc. If the survey is conducted in this way may be the results will be found in states and detailed immigration reports.
Here the researcher selects the sample size from the population at regular intervals. Its starting phase for a sample size that can continue at regular intervals. It has a predefined range, so it is least time-consuming.
Example- In our research work of event management technology before 2020 and after 2020, we have taken the sample size as 100 among the 200 people we have interviewed. We have cleaned and segregated the sample by selecting the bests possible interviewee to answer and keep knowledge about the topic well. The sample size considered in the project are more of a user of the latest’s technology and people to experience the event technology before the 2020 pandemic also.
Here the researcher divides the population into smaller groups that represent the whole population. The groups can be structured separately and take samples from every group of the sample size.
3.9.2 Use of probability- sampling
There several use of probability sampling are:
Decrease Sample Biasness.
Diversified Population.
Create an Accurate Sample.
3.9.3 Types of non-probability sampling {with example}
A fixed selection process is not used but it includes the collection of feedback based on the statistician or researchers and the selection of sampling techniques. The result of any survey conducted by the non probable sample extends to a twisted outcome. It may be not indicating any target population. Some situation where non probability sampling will be more beneficial for conducting any research at the beginning stage.
The 4 types of non-probability sampling are given below:-
3.9.3.1Convenience sampling:
Here the survey is done on the passers or the visitors in any mall. It is known as convenience sampling because the researcher easily visits directly to the subjects in the streets and the mall. A researcher cannot select the sample element and its done based on no representativeness and proximity. When there are cost-effectiveness and time limitations then no probability sampling method is used. In the beginning stage of the research, where there are resource limitations then this convenience sampling method is used.
For example- we have stand at the malls or the streets even to distribute the questionnaire to different passersby who have interests in the event technology or have used the technology used in the events.
Purposive or judgmental sampling is formed due to the purpose of the target audiences. The researcher wants to know and understand the thought process that how many will opt for a master’s degree. Like if the question is asked in such a format, “Will you do your higher degree in.....?” and those who say “No” will be excluded from the lists.
When the subjects are difficult to find out it is known as snowball sampling.
Example- If the survey is related to illegal immigrants or shelter less people then it’s difficult to trace them. The researcher in this case can track a few categories to find out the result of the interview. If the topic is highly sensitive then this method is used and not disclosed.
Collecting data about HIV Aids. Not all sufferers will openly answer this question. Still, the researcher can reach out to the victims to ask questions and do research on their causes, and collect information.
